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  <dataset>
    <alternateIdentifier>IPYsnowshrub2007</alternateIdentifier>
    <title>Welker IPY snow shrub 2007 and 2008 plant 15N, 13C, %N, %C, Toolik, Alaska.</title>
    <creator id="pers-1">
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Jeff</givenName>
        <surName>Welker</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Ecosystem/Biomedical Lab</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>University of Alaska</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint></deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>AK</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>USA</country>
      </address>
    </creator>
    <creator id="pers-2">
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Paddy</givenName>
        <surName>Sullivan</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Ecosystem/Biomedical Lab</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>University of Alaska</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint></deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>AK</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>USA</country>
      </address>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <organizationName>Arctic LTER Program</organizationName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>The Ecosystems Center</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>Marine Biological Lab</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>7 MBL St</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Woods Hole</city>
        <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>02543</postalCode>
        <country>USA</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(508) 289 7496</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>arc_im@mbl.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/</onlineUrl>
    </metadataProvider>
    <pubDate>2011</pubDate>
    <abstract>
      <para>This is a study of how shrub-betula nana leaf 15N, 13C, %N, %C varies over the course of the summer in 2007 and 2008.</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>shrub site</keyword>
    </keywordSet>
    <intellectualRights>
      <para>Acceptance and utilization of LTER data requires that:</para>
      <para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the publication intentions.</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>The Principal Investigator of the data set be sent a copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be adequately cited in any resultant publications</para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>A copy of any resultant publications should be sent to: 
            <literalLayout>
Principal Investigator
Ecosystems Center
Marine Biological Laboratory
Woods Hole, MA 02543
</literalLayout></para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution>
      <online>
        <url>http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/meta_template.php?FileName=./Welker/IPY_Snow_shrub/Plant_mineral_nutrition_2007_and_2008.html</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage id="GEO-1">
        <geographicDescription>Shrub patch near Toolik Lake on the North Slope of Alaska</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-149.5712167</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-149.5712167</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>68.623608</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>68.623608</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2007-06-13</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2008-08-15</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para>Version 1 : Mar 2011 Received file from Jeff Welker. Updated the metadata sheet and created eml files and web files. JimL</para>
      </description>
    </maintenance>
    <contact system="knb" id="im">
      <positionName>Data Manager</positionName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>The Ecosystems Center</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>Marine Biological Lab</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>7 MBL St</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Woods Hole</city>
        <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>02543</postalCode>
        <country>USA</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(508) 289 7496</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>arc_im@mbl.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/</onlineUrl>
    </contact>
    <publisher>
      <organizationName>ARC LTER</organizationName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>The Ecosystems Center</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>Marine Biological Lab</deliveryPoint>
        <deliveryPoint>7 MBL St</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Woods Hole</city>
        <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>02543</postalCode>
        <country>USA</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(508) 289 7496</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>arc_im@mbl.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/</onlineUrl>
    </publisher>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>
            <literalLayout>
This is Betula nana leaf mineral nutrition as measured over the  summer seasons in 2007 and 2008 at oursthrub site.  Fresh fully expanded leaves were collected several times during the summer, air dried and then oven dried at 50oC for 48 hrs.  Leaves where then ground to a powder in a bead beater.  Subsamples were then weighed out for analysis.  Total C and N were measured on our Elemental Analyzer and the subseqauent 15N and 13C were measured on the same samples using a Finnigan Detla plus stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. 
</literalLayout>
          </para>
        </description>
        <protocol>
          <title></title>
          <creator>
            <references>pers-1</references>
          </creator>
          <proceduralStep>
            <description>
              <para></para>
            </description>
          </proceduralStep>
        </protocol>
      </methodStep>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Mechanisms and feedback consequences of shrub expansion following long-term increases in winter snow depth in northern Alaska</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Jeff</givenName>
          <surName>Welker</surName>
        </individualName>
        <address>
          <deliveryPoint>Ecosystem/Biomedical Lab</deliveryPoint>
          <deliveryPoint>University of Alaska</deliveryPoint>
          <deliveryPoint />
          <city>Anchorage</city>
          <administrativeArea>AK</administrativeArea>
          <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
          <country>USA</country>
        </address>
        <phone phonetype="voice"></phone>
        <electronicMailAddress>afjmw1@uaa.alaska.edu</electronicMailAddress>
        <role>Lead PI</role>
      </personnel>
      <abstract>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>
Mechanisms and feedback consequences of shrub expansion following long-term increases in winter snow depth in northern Alaska: a legacy for IPY 
NSF-OPP 0612534

The primary aims of this project have been to understand the mechanisms and feedback consequences of shrub increases in northern Alaska using experimental, observational and expedition research.  

We have undertaken studies at Toolik Lake, Alaska and across the north slope along the Colville and Noatak rivers and in the Chandalar River drainage.  Our studies have implement new snow manipulation experiments and we have utilized a snow experiment that was initiated by NSF OPP in 1994.  We implemented the first wind turbine powered research at Toolik Lake that powered our CO2 sensors over winter allowing for winter-long quantification of C losses in areas where shrubs have been increasing and in ambient areas.  We conducted vegetation surveys along the major river drainages and have characterized areas with expanding and stagnate shrub growth which appear to be related to disturbance history, subsequent soil properties, plant water and nutrient relations and growth. We have also used 14C measurements to depict the loss of ancient C to the atmosphere as snow accumulates when shrubs become an increasing large component of the landscape.

</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </abstract>
      <funding>
        <para>This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #NSF-OPP 0612534. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.</para>
      </funding>
    </project>
    <access authSystem="knb" order="allowFirst" scope="document">
      <allow>
        <principal>uid=ARC,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org</principal>
        <permission>all</permission>
      </allow>
      <allow>
        <principal>public</principal>
        <permission>read</permission>
      </allow>
    </access>
    <dataTable>
      <entityName>Plant_mineral_nutrition_2007_and_2008.csv</entityName>
      <entityDescription>Welker IPY snow shrub 2007 and 2008 plant 15N, 13C, %N, %C, Toolik, Alaska.</entityDescription>
      <physical>
        <objectName>Plant_mineral_nutrition_2007_and_2008.csv</objectName>
        <dataFormat>
          <textFormat>
            <numHeaderLines>1</numHeaderLines>
            <attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation>
            <simpleDelimited>
              <fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter>
            </simpleDelimited>
          </textFormat>
        </dataFormat>
        <distribution>
          <online>
            <url>http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.10113&amp;urlTail=Welker/IPY_Snow_shrub/data/Plant_mineral_nutrition_2007_and_2008.csv</url>
          </online>
        </distribution>
      </physical>
      <attributeList>
        <attribute id=" att0.1">
          <attributeName>Site</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Site</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Betula shrub site</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Betula shrub site</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute id=" att0.2">
          <attributeName>Species</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Species</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Betula Nana</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Betula Nana</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute id=" att0.3">
          <attributeName>Rep</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Rep</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>subsamples</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>subsamples</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute id=" att0.4">
          <attributeName>Date</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Date</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Date is sample date</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <datetime>
              <formatString>dd/mm/yyyy</formatString>
            </datetime>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute id=" att0.5">
          <attributeName>Del 15N</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Del 15N</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Del 15N is delta 15N values of leves</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>partPerThousand</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute id=" att0.6">
          <attributeName>Del 13C</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Del 13C</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Del 13C is the delta 13C values of leaves</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>partPerThousand</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute id=" att0.7">
          <attributeName>% N</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>% N</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>% N is the nitrogen percent in leaves</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>percent</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute id=" att0.8">
          <attributeName>%C</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>%C</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>% C is the carbon percent in leaves</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>percent</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
      </attributeList>
    </dataTable>
    <otherEntity>
      <entityName>Plant_mineral_nutrition_2007_and_2008.xls</entityName>
      <entityDescription>An excel file that has worksheets with the metadata and data.</entityDescription>
      <physical scope="document">
        <objectName>Plant_mineral_nutrition_2007_and_2008.xls</objectName>
        <dataFormat>
          <externallyDefinedFormat>
            <formatName>Microsoft Excel</formatName>
          </externallyDefinedFormat>
        </dataFormat>
        <distribution scope="document">
          <online>
            <url>http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.10113&amp;urlTail=Welker/IPY_Snow_shrub/xlsfiles/Plant_mineral_nutrition_2007_and_2008.xls</url>
          </online>
        </distribution>
      </physical>
      <entityType>Microsoft Excel file</entityType>
    </otherEntity>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <unitList>
      <unit name="partPerThousand" unitType="dimensionless" id="partPerThousand" parentSI="" multiplierToSI="1">
        <description>ratio of two quantities as parts per thousand (1:1000)</description>
      </unit>
      <unit name="percent" unitType="dimensionless" id="percent" parentSI="" multiplierToSI="1">
        <description>ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100)</description>
      </unit>
    </unitList>
  </additionalMetadata>
</eml:eml>
