uid=ARC,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read 2004-2009gscoverft.08 Arctic LTER Program Gus Shaver

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

Arctic LTER Program

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/ Mark van Wijk Associated Researcher Lorna Street Associated Researcher Brooke Kaye Associated Researcher Mathew Williams Associated Researcher Cath Thompson Associated Researcher Carrie McCalley Associated Researcher Jim Laundre Associated Researcher Beth Bernhardt Associated Researcher Bob Douma Associated Researcher Celine Ronfort Associated Researcher Robert Bell Associated Researcher Kerry Dinsmore Associated Researcher Peter van Buuren Associated Researcher Craig Menzies Associated Researcher Jen Peters Associated Researcher Scott Graham Associated Researcher 2010 Estimated aerial plant % cover by functional type in flux plots measured during the ITEX cirumarctic flux survey 2004-2006. Survey plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard; in the Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland; at BEO near Barrow, Alaska and at the Anaktuvuk River Burn in Alaska. Measurements were made during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009. ITEX flux survey percent cover plant functional type populations Acceptance and utilization of LTER data requires that: The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the publication intentions. The Principal Investigator of the data set be sent a copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be adequately cited in any resultant publications A copy of any resultant publications should be sent to: Principal Investigator Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, MA 02543 http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/meta_template.php?FileName=./terrest/tracegas/xlsfiles/2004-2009gscoverft.html Toolik Lake (68 degrees 38N, 149 degrees 34W) -149.61058 -149.61058 68.62405 68.62405 Imnavait Creek (68 degrees 37N, 149 degrees 18W) Alaska, U.S. -149.31 -149.31 68.6167 68.6167 "Stepps" site (68 degrees 18N, 18 degrees 51E) near Abisko, Sweden. 18.85 18.85 68.3 68.3 Paddus (68 degrees 19N, 18 degrees 51E) near Abisko, Sweden. 18.85 18.85 68.3167 68.3167 Latnjajaure (68 degrees 21N, 18 degrees 30E) near Abisko, Sweden. 18.5 18.5 68.35 68.35 Adventdalen (78 degrees 13N, 15 degrees 38E) Svalbard, Norway. 15.6333333333333 15.6333333333333 78.2166666666667 78.2166666666667 Zackenberg research area zone 1a (74º28’ N, 20º34’ W), Northeast Greenland. -19.4333333333333 -19.4333333333333 74.4666666666667 74.4666666666667 Barrow ( 71° 18' N, 156° 36' W) Alaska, USA. -156.6 -156.6 71.31 71.31 Anaktuvuk River Burn (68° 56-59' N, 150° 12-16' W) Alaska, USA. -150.2 -150.2 68.9 68.9 2004-06-28 2009-08-17 Version 1: Checked file and created eml and html files. Feb 2006 Jiml Version 2: Added Zackenberg 2006 cover data and updated metadat.txt with new site description, references, files to reference etc. Added a new identifier column called "plot size" because 2006 data include measurements made on 0.3m x 0.3m plots. Changed date in file name from 2005 to 2006. Oct 2006 LStreet Version 3: Added LTERNET Data Access server proxy for Excel and comma delimited data files. Version 4: Updated LTERNET Data Access server proxy link for Excel and comma delimited data files. Changed from knb to das in url. Version 5: Added Toolik and Barrow 2009 data. Changed file name from 2006 to 2009. Added column for "unclassified" harvested plant material. Version 6: Updated metadata form and to eml 2.1 JimL Nov2012 Version 7: Updated metadata form (with sites sheet). CH March 2013. Version 8: Corrected eml excel file name wrong extension. JimL 16May13 Data Manager

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/ ARC LTER

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/ RESEARCH LOCATIONS: Imnavait Creek, Alaska 2004: Cover estimates were made once on the 15 flux plots along the topographic sequence of the west facing slope of Imnavait Creek catchment. Toolik Lake, Alaska 2004: Cover estimates were made once on the 20 flux plots in treatment (N +P) and control blocks of the LTER terrestrial fertilisation experiment at Toolik Lake, including the moist acidic tussock, non-acidic tussock, non acidic non-tussock, inlet wet sedge and heath sites. Abisko, Sweden 2004. Cover estimates were made once on the 11 plots at the Stepps site, 13 plots at Paddus and 12 plots at Latnjajaure. Abisko, Sweden 2005. Cover estimates were made on 15 flux plots at the Stepps site each time flux measurements were made (3 times through June/early July and once in mid August). Svalbard 2005. Cover estimates were made once on 41 flux plots at various sites in Adventdalen. Zackenberg 2006. Data were collected on 35 1 x 1m plots and 25 0.3 x 0.3m plots across a range of vegetation types. 13 of the 0.3 x 0.3m plots were located within 1m x 1m plots (identified by plot name with suffix "b1, b2 or b3"), the remainder were independant of the 1 x 1m plots (B14-25). Measurements were made from 8 July through 1 Aug 2006. Toolik, Alaska 2009: Data were collected on nine 1m x 1m plots, three in each vegetation type. Vegetation types included moist acidic tundra (MAT), dry heath (HTH) and wet sedge (WSG). Each plot was measured at approximately 2 weeks intervals from mid-June to mid-August 2009. Anaktuvuk River Burn, Alaska 2009: Data was collected on five 0.7m x 0.7m flux plots along a burn severity gradient during mid-June 2009. Barrow, Alaska 2009: Data was collected on thirteen 0.7m 0.7m flux plots along a moisture gradient during late-July to early-August 2009. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND METHODS We estimated absolute percent cover by species for each 1m x 1m flux plot (ie total cover can be > 100%). In 2004 we split the flux plot into 25 sub plots using a grid, we then estimated % cover in each of the sub plots individually and calculated an average. In 2005, 2006 and 2009 we used the same 1m x 1m grid but counted running totals of percentages of each species in squares 1 thru 25 (only the total cover for the flux plot is given). For the 0.7m x 0.7m plots we used a smaller version of the same grid. For the 0.3m x 0.3m flux plots we estimated cover once for the plot as a whole. Each spp is assigned to a growth form, abbreviated as follows: D = deciduous shrub E = evergreen shrub F = forb G = grass GRM = graminoid S = sedge/rush P = pteridophyte B = bryophyte (mosses and liverworts) L = lichen U = unclassified W = water R = rock X = litter or bare or crust ++ = plus other spp Where many graminoids were growing together it was often difficult to judge the individual percentages, so only the total for the growth form is given; the main species present are listed in the comments column. CALCULATIONS: Total vascular cover is the sum of all deciduous, evergreen, forb, grass, sedge, gramnoid and pteridophyte % covers: TotVasc = D + E + F + G + P + S + GRM where TotVasc = total absolute vascular cover D = total deciduous cover E = total evergreen cover F = total forb cover G = total grass cover P = total pteridophyte cover S = total sedge cover GRM = total graminoid cover The abundance of each growth form as a proportion of the total vascular cover is calculated as (for deciduous vegetation): Vasc%Decid = (D/TotVasc)*100 where Vasc%Decid = % of total vascular cover which is deciduous TotVasc = total absolute vascular cover D = total deciduous cover COMMENTS: N.B The category GRM is for 'graminoids' i.e. species growing together whose cover could not be estimated separately as grass or sedge. A plot can have 0% GRM cover and 25% grass cover if only grasses are present. To find total graminoid cover for a plot sum G + S + GRM. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Gus Shaver, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA REFERENCE CITATIONS: Bay, C. (1998) Vegetation mapping of Zackenberg Valley Northeast Greenland. Danish Polar Center. Street, L.E., Shaver, G.R., Williams, M., van Wijk, M.T. (2007) What is the relationship between changes in canopy leaf area and changes in photosynthetic CO2 flux in arctic ecosystems? Journal of Ecology 95: 139-150. Williams, M., Street, L.E., van Wijk, M.T., and Shaver, G.R. (2006) Identifying Differences in Carbon Exchange among Arctic Ecosystem Types. Ecosystems, 9, 288-304. pers-1 See Methods. Gus Shaver

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 gshaver@mbl.edu Lead PI Jim Laundre

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_imr@mbl.edu Information Manager The goal of Arctic LTER project is to predict the future ecological characteristics of the site based upon our knowledge of the controls of ecosystem structure and function as exerted by physical setting and geologic factors, climatic factors, biotic factors, and the changes in fluxes of water and materials from land to water. To achieve this goal the Arctic LTER uses several approaches: Long-term monitoring and surveys of natural variation of ecosystem characteristics in space and time. Includes: climate, plant communities and productivity, thaw depth, stream flow, chemistry of streams and lakes, temperatures of streams and lakes, lake chlorophyll lake productivity, zooplankton abundance. Experimental manipulation of ecosystems for years and decades. Includes: tundra warming, shading, and fertilizing, grazer exclusions, fertilization of lakes and streams, addition and subtraction of predators. Synthesis of results and predictive modeling at ecosystem and watershed scales. Includes: stream N cycling, lake physics, bioenergetics of fish populations, water movement and transfer of DOC and nutrients from land to water, soil respiration, cycling and storage of C in tundra under different scenarios of future climates. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #DEB-981022, 9211775, 8702328; #OPP-9911278, 9911681, 9732281, 9615411, 9615563, 9615942, 9615949, 9400722, 9415411, 9318529; #BSR 9019055, 8806635, 8507493. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The Arctic LTER research site (68°N and 149°W) is in the foothills region of the North Slope of Alaska and includes the entire Toolik Lake watershed and the adjacent watershed of the upper Kuparuk River, down to the confluence of these two watersheds. This area is typical of the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, with continuous permafrost, no trees, a complete snow cover for 7 to 9 months, winter ice cover on lakes, streams, and ocean, and cessation of river flow during the winter. Tussock tundra vegetation of sedges and grasses mixed with dwarf birch and low willows form the dominant vegetation type with areas of drier heath tundra on ridge tops and other well-drained sites as well as areas of river-bottom willow communities. -149.75 -149.0433 68.8 68.5 610 1360 meter 2004-2009gscoverft.csv Plant % cover by functional type for the ITEX CO2 flux survey plots at Toolik, Alaska; Abisko, Sweden; Svalbard, Norway; Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland; Anaktuvuk River Burn, Alaska and Barrow, Alaska 2003-2009. 2004-2009gscoverft.csv 1 \r\n column , " http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.1603&urlTail=terrest/tracegas/data/2004-2009gscoverft.csv YEAR YEAR Year of percent cover measurement yyyy DATE DATE Date of percent cover measurement dd-mon-yy SITE SITE Abisko, Toolik, Svalbard or Zackenberg Abisko, Toolik, Svalbard or Zackenberg GROUP GROUP Location of flux plots at each site Location of flux plots at each site TREAT TREAT Control or fertilised with N and P fertiliser Control or fertilised with N and P fertiliser PLOT PLOT Individual plot identifier Individual plot identifier PHASE PHASE Measurement series (round of measurement within each year) Measurement series (round of measurement within each year) PLOT SIZE PLOT SIZE Plot size of 1m x 1m or 0.3m x 0.3m Plot size of 1m x 1m or 0.3m x 0.3m B B absolute % cover bryophtes percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured D D absolute % cover decidious percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured E E absolute % cover evergreen percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured F F absolute % cover forbs percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured G G absolute % cover grasses percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured L L absolute % cover lichens percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured P P absolute % cover pteridophytes percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured R R absolute % cover rocks percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured S S absolute % cover sedges percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured GRM GRM absolute % cover mixed graminoids percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured U U absolute % cover unclassified percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured W W absolute % standing water percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured X X absolute % unclassified percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured TotVasc TotVasc total absolute vascular cover percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured Vasc%Decid Vasc%Decid % of total vascular cover which is deciduous percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured Vasc%Ever Vasc%Ever % of total vascular cover which is evergreen percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured Vasc%Forb Vasc%Forb % of total vascular cover which is forb percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured Vasc%Grass Vasc%Grass % of total vascular cover which is grass percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured Vasc%Pterid Vasc%Pterid % of total vascualr cover which is pteridophyte percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured Vasc%Sedge Vasc%Sedge % of total vascular cover which is sedge percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured vasc%gram vasc%gram % of total vascular cover which is graminoid percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured 304 2004-2009gscoverft.xls An excel file that has worksheets with the metadata and data. 2004-2009gscoverft.xls Microsoft Excel http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.1603&urlTail=terrest/tracegas/xlsfiles/2004-2009gscoverft.xls Microsoft Excel file ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100)