uid=ARC,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read 2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.03 Arctic LTER Program Gaius Shaver

Ecosystems Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 United States

Arctic LTER Program

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/ Edward Rastetter

Ecosystems Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 United States

Associated Researcher Mathew Williams

University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences Darwin Building Edinburgh EH9 EJU United Kingdom

Associated Researcher James Laundre

Ecosystems Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 United States

Data Manager Laura van der Pol

Ecosystems Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 United States

Field Crew 2012 This file contains limited daily summaries of PAR, relative humidity, and temperature data monitored above, within, and below Betula nana and Salix pulchra shrub canopies at two locations near Toolik Lake, Alaska during the summer of 2012. The location of the PAR sensor and dataloggers were co-located with the LTER shrub plots (block 1 and 2), also used for the chamber flux and point frame measurements taken this same year. There were two logging sites (block 1 and 2), each of which had PAR five PAR sensors, two for each shrub canopy and one above, as well as three sensors to log relative humidity and temperature. This file contains maximum PAR, total daily PAR, and daily average temperature data, as well as intermittant maximum and minimum values for temperature and relative humidity. Data monitored every five minutes is available in the file "ShrubCanopy_InstantLogger". photosynthesis shrub canopy relative humidity temperature photosynthetica active radiation PAR Acceptance and utilization of LTER data requires that: The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the publication intentions. The Principal Investigator of the data set be sent a copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be adequately cited in any resultant publications A copy of any resultant publications should be sent to: Principal Investigator Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, MA 02543 http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/meta_template.php?FileName=./terrest/tracegas/xlsfiles/2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.html Upland site; co-located in Block 1 of the Shrub LTER sites; IVO 68° 38'18.8" N, 149° 34' 07.2" W +/- 50m. Plots are outside of the designated LTER treatments, though are exposed to the same environmental conditions. All plots were chosen by the dominant shrub canopy (either Salix pulchraor Betula nana) and preferentially selected to be 90cm+ in height. -149.568666666666 -149.568666666666 68.6385555555555 68.6385555555555 Outlet site; co-located in Block 2 of the Shrub LTER sites; IVO 68° 38'008.1" N, 149° 35' 017.1" W +/- 50m. Plots are outside of the designated LTER treatments, though are exposed to the same environmental conditions. All plots were chosen by the dominant shrub canopy (either Salix pulchraor Betula nana) and preferentially selected to be 90cm+ in height. -149.588083333333 -149.588083333333 68.6355833333333 68.6355833333333 2012-06-23 2012-08-14 Organisms Studied Genus Betula Species nana Genus Salix Species pulchra This was a season-long project, though it followed similar methods to ITEX projects performed starting in 2003 that are likely to be replicated in the future for reasearch at the Toolik Field Station, AK. Version 2: Updated units to current standards. Missing values changed to #N/A. CH 28Jan2013 Version 3: Updated metadata to newer form (with sites sheet). CH April 2013. Version 4 corrected eml exel file name JimL 16May13 Data Manager

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/ ARC LTER

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/ Automated Data Logging In order to monitor canopy conditions of the shrub species of interest--Betula nana and Salix pulchra--two CR1000 dataloggers (Campbell Scientific, 815 W. 1800, North Logan, UT, USA) were installed at the sites used for the ITEX shrub canopy studies at Toolik Field Station in Alaska the summer of 2012. The sites (see "Group" category) are labeled as "Upland" and "Outlet"--descriptions of the sample site in relation to Toolik Lake. The Upland site is colocated with Block 1 of the LTER shrub vegetation plots; the Outlet site is colocated with Block 2. The dataloggers were adjacent to, rather than within, LTER plots. Both the Upland and Outlet datalogger had the following sensors which logged every five minutes: (5) Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors: LI-190SB Quantum Sensor (Li-Cor Biosciences, 4647 Superior St, Lincoln, NE, USA) * Sensors were placed as follows: (1) Above all vegetation at a height of 2.2 meters (1) Mid-way within the B. nana canopies (approximately 40 cm above the soil) (1) Mid-way within the S. pulchra canopies (approximately 40 cm above the soil) (1) Below the B. nana canopies (approximately 10 cm above the soil) (1) Below the S. pulchra canopies (approximately 10 cm above the soil) (3) Relative humidity (RH) and temperature sensors: HMP50/HMP60 Probe (Campbell Scientific, North Logan, UT, USA) * Sensors each had either a 6- or 10-plate radiation shield (Campbell Scientific model 41303-5A or 41003-5) * Sensors were placed as follows: (1) Above all vegetation at a height of 2 meters (1) Below the B. nana canopies (approximately 10 cm above the soil) (1) Below the S. pulchra canopies (approximately 10 cm above the soil) These instantaneous data are available in the file "Instant_Logger". The extreme values that sensors encountered were also recorded; these are included in this file. The temperature monitoring performed by the datalogger itself (maximum and average daily temperatures) do not represent direct air temperatures as the datalogger was housed in a sealed, white, hard-plastic box mounted approximately 1.5 meters above the ground. SunScan LAI and PAR Measurements: As with other measurments collected the summer 2012 for the ITEX project at Toolik Field Station, a Delta-T SunScan wand (Delta-T Devices Ltd, Burwell Cambridge, UK) was use to characterize the shrub canopies with the dataloggers. These data are included in the datasets: "SunScan_LAI_Data" and "SunScan_PAR_Data". The methods used for each are described below. The methods used to collect PAR at many heights within each canopy were the same used to collect LAI, with the difference being the setting on the SunScan wand. The measurements were taken near the end of the growing season when leaves were already beginning to senesce. Additionally, while these measurements are traditionally made in conjunction with a Beam Fraction sensor (BF3), this sensor was malfunctioning when the datalogger sites were sampled , and thus it was not used. Instead of the BF3 sensor, wand measurements above the canopy were made immediately prior to each data measurement to record the ambiant total irradiance levels. Readings were taken by inserting the SunScan wand near to the ground as possible--typically starting at 5 centimeters from the ground (the wand rested atop the moss layer)--and then repeated every 15 cm with the last measurement being above the canopy. Measurements were taken with the field technician opposite the direction of the sun at five locations within the canopy at each height. Five replicates were taken at each height in the canopy immediately surrounding the datalogger sensors; this differs from the ITEX samples which had three replicate scans at each height. The weather conditions during these measurements were almost uniform cloud cover; thus nearly all of the measurements were taken under "diffuse" light conditions (diffuse light fraction greater than 0.7). The measurements taken with "direct" light conditions were taken on partly cloudy days. The SunScan wand measures PAR along 64 points along a 1-m horizontal profile. When sampling PAR within the shrub canopy, the data are from the raw output from each PAR sensor. When sampling LAI, there is an internal calculation performed though the Delta-T software that compares the reading above the canopy to the reading within the canopy, and takes into account the percent of absorbed PAR (assumed to be 0.85), and the ellipsoidal leaf angle distribution parameter (ELADP*) (assumed to be 1.0). In addition to the LAI values, the Delta-T SunScan instrument gives an output of other variables including: transmitted light, spread among sensors, beam fraction, and zenith angle. These values are further described here: Transmitted Light: the fraction of incident light that passes through a given canopy. It can refer to Direct, Diffuse, or Total incident light. Spread: the standard deviation of the 64-PAR sensors on the SunScan wand. Beam Fraction: the fraction of the Total incident PAR in the Direct beam. Zenith Angle: the angle between the centre of the sun and the point directly overhead. Zenith angles are calculated from latitude, longitude, and local time using standard astronomical equations as given in Practical Astronomy. The location used to determine the local zenith angle was: 68° 37' 39" N, Longitude 149° 35' 51" W. *"ELADP is a way of characterizing the horizontal or vertical tendency of leaves in a canopy." p 37 of SS1 User Manual v2.0 (SunScan Canopy Analysis System, type SS1. Delta-T Devices Ltd. May 19, 2008) pers-1 For Delta-T SunScan wand used to measure PAR and LAI: SS1 User Manual v2.0. Delta-T Devices Ltd., May 19, 2008. Gus Shaver

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 gshaver@mbl.edu Lead PI Jim Laundre

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7496 arc_imr@mbl.edu Information Manager The goal of Arctic LTER project is to predict the future ecological characteristics of the site based upon our knowledge of the controls of ecosystem structure and function as exerted by physical setting and geologic factors, climatic factors, biotic factors, and the changes in fluxes of water and materials from land to water. To achieve this goal the Arctic LTER uses several approaches: Long-term monitoring and surveys of natural variation of ecosystem characteristics in space and time. Includes: climate, plant communities and productivity, thaw depth, stream flow, chemistry of streams and lakes, temperatures of streams and lakes, lake chlorophyll lake productivity, zooplankton abundance. Experimental manipulation of ecosystems for years and decades. Includes: tundra warming, shading, and fertilizing, grazer exclusions, fertilization of lakes and streams, addition and subtraction of predators. Synthesis of results and predictive modeling at ecosystem and watershed scales. Includes: stream N cycling, lake physics, bioenergetics of fish populations, water movement and transfer of DOC and nutrients from land to water, soil respiration, cycling and storage of C in tundra under different scenarios of future climates. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #DEB-981022, 9211775, 8702328; #OPP-9911278, 9911681, 9732281, 9615411, 9615563, 9615942, 9615949, 9400722, 9415411, 9318529; #BSR 9019055, 8806635, 8507493. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The Arctic LTER research site (68°N and 149°W) is in the foothills region of the North Slope of Alaska and includes the entire Toolik Lake watershed and the adjacent watershed of the upper Kuparuk River, down to the confluence of these two watersheds. This area is typical of the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, with continuous permafrost, no trees, a complete snow cover for 7 to 9 months, winter ice cover on lakes, streams, and ocean, and cessation of river flow during the winter. Tussock tundra vegetation of sedges and grasses mixed with dwarf birch and low willows form the dominant vegetation type with areas of drier heath tundra on ridge tops and other well-drained sites as well as areas of river-bottom willow communities. -149.75 -149.0433 68.8 68.5 610 1360 meter 2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.csv Daily summaries of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), relative humidity, and temperature data logged above, within, and below Betula nana and Salix pulchra shrub canopies during the summer of 2012 in vicinity of Toolik Lake, Alaska. 2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.csv 1 \r\n column , " http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.10143&urlTail=terrest/tracegas/data/2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.csv YEAR YEAR year of measurement yyyy #N/A Missing or Not Measured DATE DATE Date of measurement dd-mon-yy #N/A Missing or Not Measured SITE SITE Toolik Toolik #N/A Missing or Not Measured GROUP GROUP Measurement location in relation to Toolik Lake LTER Shrub plots; In vicinity of Block1 = Upland, IVO Block 2 = Outlet Measurement location in relation to Toolik Lake LTER Shrub plots; In vicinity of Block1 = Upland, IVO Block 2 = Outlet #N/A Missing or Not Measured CANOPY CANOPY Canopy sensors monitored; sensors above the canopies monitored ambient conditions for both BET and SALP vegetation Canopy sensors monitored; sensors above the canopies monitored ambient conditions for both BET and SALP vegetation #N/A Missing or Not Measured SENSOR POSN SENSOR POSN Sensor relative height Sensor relative height #N/A Missing or Not Measured BattV_Min BattV_Min Minimum battery voltage during the day of measurement (battery is 12v) volt real #N/A Missing or Not Measured PTemp_C_Max PTemp_C_Max Maximum temperature (deg Celsius) measured by datalogger celsius real #N/A Missing or Not Measured PTemp_C_TMx PTemp_C_TMx 24-hour time that the maximum datalogger temperature was recorded hh24:mi #N/A Missing or Not Measured PTemp_C_Avg PTemp_C_Avg Daily average temperature encountered by datalogger celsius real #N/A Missing or Not Measured MAX TEMP MAX TEMP Maximum temperature (deg Celsius) measured by relative humidity sensor for given canopy / position celsius real #N/A Missing or Not Measured TIME OF MAX TEMP TIME OF MAX TEMP 24-hour time that maximum temperature was encountered hh24:mi #N/A Missing or Not Measured MIN TEMP MIN TEMP Minimum temperature (deg Celsius) measured by relative humidity sensor for given canopy / position celsius real #N/A Missing or Not Measured TIME OF MIN TEMP TIME OF MIN TEMP 24-hour time that minimum temperature was encountered hh24:mi #N/A Missing or Not Measured MAX RH MAX RH Maximum recorded relative humidity encountered by given sensor percent real #N/A Missing or Not Measured TIME OF MAX RH TIME OF MAX RH 24-hour time that maximum relative humidity was encountered hh24:mi #N/A Missing or Not Measured MAX PAR MAX PAR Maximum recorded photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) for given sensor (umol PAR per square m per sec) micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond real #N/A Missing or Not Measured TIME OF MAX PAR TIME OF MAX PAR 24-hour time that maximum PAR was encountered by sensor hh24:mi #N/A Missing or Not Measured DAILY TOTAL PAR DAILY TOTAL PAR Sum of PAR encountered by given sensor during the day (umol PAR per square m per day) micromolePerMeterSquaredPerDay real #N/A Missing or Not Measured 435 2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.xlsx An excel file that has worksheets with the metadata and data. 2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.xlsx Microsoft Excel http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.10143&urlTail=terrest/tracegas/xlsfiles/2012_GS_ITEX_ShrubCanopy_DailyLogger.xlsx Microsoft Excel file ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100) micro Einsteins (1E-06 moles of photons) per square meter per second (radiant flux density) micromoles of substance per sqaure meter per day