uid=PIE,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read HTL-SO-BIRD.01 Plum Island Ecosystems LTER Program Robert Buchsbaum

Massachusetts Audubon, North Shore Endicott Regional Center 356 Grapevine Road Wenham MA 01984 USA

Plum Island Ecosystems LTER Program

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/ 2004 Averages of the three highest counts per decade (1930's, 1040's, 1950's and 1990's) for a variety of birds including: four shorebirds (black-bellied plover, greater yellowlegs, semipalmated plover, and semipalmated sandpiper), six waterfowl (American black duck, common loon, green-winged teal, mallard, red-breasted merganser, and white-winged scoter), one gull (Bonaparte's gull), and one tern (common tern) in Plum Island Sound., Massachusetts. LTER PIE Plum Island Ecosystems Massachusetts birds macrofauna fauna Acceptance and utilization of PIE-LTER data requires that: The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the publication intentions. The Principal Investigator of the data set be sent a copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be adequately cited in any resultant publications A copy of any resultant publications should be sent to: Principal Investigator Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, MA 02543 http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/data/HTL/HTL-SO-BIRD.html Various locations in Plum Island Sound Estuary -70.9290141 -70.7418556 42.7972222 42.677702 1930-01-01 1999-12-31 Data Manager

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/ Plum Island Ecosystems LTER

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/ We used two major sources of data for our evaluation of birds on Plum Island from the 1930s through the 1990s. For the 1990s we analyzed the results of bird surveys conducted by the Brookline Bird Club in the refuge during 1990, 1991, and 1993. These surveys were conducted weekly during migration periods (March to May and mid-July to October), and biweekly during the remainder of the year. We would like to thank the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge and the Brookline Bird Club for making the results of their bird surveys available to us for this project. To provide a historical comparison, we analyzed the journals of ornithologist Ludlow Griscom who kept notes on the birds he observed on field trips throughout the state during the 1930s, the 1940s, and the 1950s. Many of Griscom's weekly trips were to Essex County and Plum Island. Griscom's journals are currently housed in their original forms at the Peabody/Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts. Based on our evaluation of the adequacy of data, we included four shorebirds (black-bellied plover, greater yellowlegs, semipalmated plover, and semipalmated sandpiper), six waterfowl (American black duck, common loon, green-winged teal, mallard, red-breasted merganser, and white-winged scoter), one gull (Bonaparte's gull), and one tern (common tern) in our analysis. We evaluated the highest number of birds observed each year at Plum Island during any one survey, and developed averages for the maximum number of birds observed during the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, and 1990s. Comparisons were then based on the three highest peak migration numbers during each decade for each species. Anne Giblin

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7488 agiblin@mbl.edu Lead PI Hap Garritt

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu Information Manager The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER is an integrated research, education and outreach program whose goal is to develop a predictive understanding of the long-term response of watershed and estuarine ecosystems at the land-sea interface to changes in climate, land use and sea level. The principal study site is the Plum Island Sound estuary, its coupled Parker, Rowley and Ipswich River watersheds and the adjacent coastal ocean, the Gulf of Maine. The PIE LTER focuses on how several aspects of global change influence organic matter and inorganic nutrient biogeochemistry and estuarine foodwebs. The inputs of organic matter and nutrients from land, ocean and marshes interact with the external drivers (climate, land use, river discharge, sea level) to dictate the extent and degree of nutrient and organic matter processing and determine the spatial patterns of estuarine productivity and trophic structure. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE-9726921, OCE-0423565. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site, is located in northeastern Massachusetts, 42.72 N, 70.85 W. The PIE LTER lies at the interface of a thinly soiled, formerly glaciated New England land mass and the highly productive Gulf of Maine. Three watersheds comprise the estuarine drainage basin: Parker (155 km2), Rowley (26 km2) and Ipswich (404 km2). The Ipswich River watershed is highly urbanized with Boston "bedroom" communities encroaching in the headwater region while the Parker is less urbanized and retains a higher proportion of forest. -71.2198 -70.7568 42.8276 42.4965 0 100 meter HTL-SO-Bird.csv Averages of the three highest counts per decade for selected birds in Plum Island Sound. HTL-SO-Bird.csv 1 \r\n column , http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/data/HTL/data/HTL-SO-Bird.csv Decade Decade decade of observational data decade of observational data Common Loon Common Loon average maximum number of observations for Common Loon number real Green-winged Teal Green-winged Teal average maximum number of observations for Green-winged Teal number real American Black Duck American Black Duck average maximum number of observations for American Black Duck number real Red-breasted Merganser Red-breasted Merganser average maximum number of observations for Red-breasted Merganser number real White-winged Scoter White-winged Scoter average maximum number of observations for White-winged Scoter number real Black-bellied Plover Black-bellied Plover average maximum number of observations for Black-bellied Plover number real Bonaparte's Gull Bonaparte's Gull average maximum number of observations for Bonaparte's Gull number real Common Tern Common Tern average maximum number of observations for Common Tern number real Comments Comments comments about data comments about data