WAT-YSI-Urban-2002.03 Charles Vorosmarty

Morse Hall UNH Durham NH 03824 USA

Wilfred Wollheim

Morse Hall UNH Durham NH 03824 USA

Plum Island Ecosystems LTER Program

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/ Brian Pellerin additional investigator 2004 Continuous measurements, every 15 minutes, were made of stage, water temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen in a small headwater stream draining a highly suburban catchment (72% residential). Measurements are for part of the ice free season (June – December). Discharge is determined from stage using discharge vs stage regressions. Several day gaps occur periodically due to removal for recalibration. PIE LTER disturbance Saw Mill Brook suburban discharge water temperature water stage conductivity pH dissolved oxygen. Acceptance and utilization of PIE-LTER data requires that: The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the publication intentions. The Principal Investigator of the data set be sent a copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be adequately cited in any resultant publications A copy of any resultant publications should be sent to: Principal Investigator Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, MA 02543 http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/data/WAT/WAT-YSI-Urban-2002.html YSI-SB -71.185 -71.185 42.5236 42.5236 2002-03-22 2002-12-03 Periodic with improvement of rating curve, particularly as more high discharge events are incorporated. This file was updated in September 2007 to incorporate an improved rating curve that includes higher discharge events. Flow data from previous version is maintained for comparison. Version 01, 30 Oct 2007 updated metadata to EML level 3+ Version 02, 21Jan2010 keyword update Version 03, 25May2010, date and rating curve data update, revised in 2009 to standardize YSI depths to HOBO datalogger depths used in later years - uses revised rating curve that includes all measurements between 2001 and 2009 Data Manager

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/ Plum Island Ecosystems LTER

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/ YSI 6200 data sondes were deployed vertically in a pool deep enough to contain water during dry conditions. The sonde was deployed in a PVC tube, which was attached to ree-bar driven into the stream bed. The PVC tube had holes drilled to allow adequate water circulation. Dissolved oxygen measurements are of poor quality because the the bottom of the pool was often filled in with detritus following intermediate sized storms, leading to anoxic conditions. To alleviate this problem, the PVC tube was raised 10.1 cm on 7/16/03. The file for 2001 includes the raw depth measurement (RAWYSI_Depth), as well as the depth measurement corrected to the YSI depth after the change in tube height (YSI_Depth_STD) and for which the rating curve has been standardized. The PVC tube was surveyed upon original deployment in 2001 and resurveyed in 2002 to ensure that elevation did not change during winter ice period. No change was detected. No evidence of change has been noted through 2006 based on discharge measurements. See discussion below for development of the discharge-stage relationship. Recalibration of oxygen, conducitivty and depth was performed roughly every 4-6 weeks. Instrument drift during deployment periods was not significant. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH LOCATION COORDINATES: In addition to the decimal degree coordinates given above, locations are also given here in Massachusetts State Plane coordinates. The stream is called SawMill Br. and is located in Burlington MA. Small amounts of forest remain (~14% in 1999), much of which is along the stream channel near the gaging site. STATION STATE X STATE Y YSI-SB 225840 919310 NOTES AND COMMENTS: Dissolved oxygen concentrations generally reflect water column levels. However, due to the position of the sonde, detritus periodically covered the bottom of the sondes where the D.O. probe is located, leading to anoxic conditions. It is likely that low D.O. levels reflect benthic conditions. Velocity measurements were made using a Marsh McBirney current meter and starting in 2009 with a Sontek Flowtracker. Discharge estimates in Saw Mill are based on a power rating curve that contains measurements up to a stage depth of 1.2 meters, which is above bankfull stage. Rating curve has an R2 of 0.89 using 40 measurements between 2001 and 2009. The rating curve has not noticeably changed over the period. Prior to 2007, stage was measured with various other instruments (YSI, Sigma depth sonde, HOBO). All files in this series (2001-2009) are now standardized to HOBO depth. The rating curve is based on the standardized HOBO depth's (and actual HOBO depths since 2007). CALCULATIONS: Discharge rating curve : Discharge (l/s) = 889.65*depth^5.8788 where depth is Adj_HOBO_Depth Several depth are included in this file to allow comparison with earlier file version. RAWYSI_Depth is the depth measured by the YSI and is used by an initial, preliminary rating curve. YSI_Depth_STD is depth adjusted to standardize for the change in stilling well depth in July 2003. The column Depth_Device is included when combining files from several years, over which several different devices were used to calculate depth. Depth_STD is the depth that is standardized across all measurement devices so that a single rating curve can be applied. The rating curve is standardized to the Hobo depth measurements, which were started in 2006. The difference between Hobo data logger depth measurements and YSI data logger depth measurements (YSI_DEPTH_STD) is 0.211m (StandardizedHoboDepths = YSI_Depth_STD + 0.21) Also, at times depth and discharge may be periodically erroneous due to leaf pack accumulation at a riffle downstream causing backup. We remove this whenever we visit the site. Generally we believe the depth error is on the order of 2-4 centemeters. The depth data have not been corrected for errors associated with temporary debris dams. OLD RATING CURVE ( prior to Sept 2009 revision): Discharge measurements in Saw Mill are based on a power rating curve that contains measurements up to a depth of 0.6m (using the column RAWYSI_Depth). Flows above this amount are estimated using a linear extrapolation using the six measurements with the highest flow. Thus flows determined from levels greater than 0.6m are approximate (roughly 1% of the readings in 2001 deployment period). Rating curve below 0.6m is based on a power relationship with an R2 = 0.98. Measurements are based on 12 measurements taken between 2001 and 2003. OLD CALCULATIONS: When stage in SawMill Br. is less than 0.6m : Discharge (l/s) = 1245.2 (depth) 4.782 When stage in SawMill Br. is greater than 0.6m : Discharge (l/s) = 560.7 (depth) – 229.8 Anne Giblin

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7488 agiblin@mbl.edu Lead PI Hap Garritt

The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

(508) 289 7485 pie_im@mbl.edu Information Manager The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER is an integrated research, education and outreach program whose goal is to develop a predictive understanding of the long-term response of watershed and estuarine ecosystems at the land-sea interface to changes in climate, land use and sea level. The principal study site is the Plum Island Sound estuary, its coupled Parker, Rowley and Ipswich River watersheds and the adjacent coastal ocean, the Gulf of Maine. The PIE LTER focuses on how several aspects of global change influence organic matter and inorganic nutrient biogeochemistry and estuarine foodwebs. The inputs of organic matter and nutrients from land, ocean and marshes interact with the external drivers (climate, land use, river discharge, sea level) to dictate the extent and degree of nutrient and organic matter processing and determine the spatial patterns of estuarine productivity and trophic structure. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE-9726921, OCE-0423565. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site, is located in northeastern Massachusetts, 42.72 N, 70.85 W. The PIE LTER lies at the interface of a thinly soiled, formerly glaciated New England land mass and the highly productive Gulf of Maine. Three watersheds comprise the estuarine drainage basin: Parker (155 km2), Rowley (26 km2) and Ipswich (404 km2). The Ipswich River watershed is highly urbanized with Boston "bedroom" communities encroaching in the headwater region while the Parker is less urbanized and retains a higher proportion of forest. -71.2198 -70.7568 42.8276 42.4965 0 100 meter uid=PIE,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read WAT-YSI-Urban-2002.dat Year 2002, 15 minute measurements of stage, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH in a small headwater stream draining a highly suburban catchment (72% residential), Saw Mill Brook, Burlington, MA. WAT-YSI-Urban-2002.dat 1 column , http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/PIE/data/WAT/data/WAT-YSI-Urban-2002.dat Date Date date (yyyy-mm-dd) yyyy-mm-dd Time Time time (hh:mm:ss) 24 hour hh:mm:ss Temp Temp water temperature (oC) celsius real SpCond SpCond specific conductivity (mS/cm) millisiemensPerCentimeter real DO% DO% dissolved oxygen percent of saturation (%) percent real DOConc DOConc dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) milligramsPerLiter real pH pH log of the H+ ion concentration dimensionless real RAWYSI_Depth RAWYSI_Depth stage height measured by YSI (m) meter real YSI_Depth_STD YSI_Depth_STD stage height measured by YSI (m) (standardized) meter real OLD-Discharge OLD-Discharge discharge using OLDYSI_Depth and earlier rating curve (l/s) litersPerSecond real Depth_Device Depth_Device depth measurement device used to determine discharge YSI YSI depth sonde SIGMA Sigma autosampler depth sonde TEMP_HOBO HOBO depth sonde deployed in temporary stilling well HOBO HOBO depth sonde deployed in permanent stilling well StandardizedHoboDepths StandardizedHoboDepths depth standardized to rating curve using HOBO depths meter real Discharge Discharge discharge litersPerSecond real conductivity unit ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100)