Arctic LTER Database

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2 ) Redistribution. The data are provided for use by the Data User. The metadata and this license must accompany all copies made and be available to all users of this Data Set. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set beyond this collaboration sphere.
3 ) Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly cite the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier. For example:

Shaver, G. 1989. Above ground biomass in acidic tussock tundra experimental site, 1989, Arctic LTER, Toolik, Alaska. Arctic LTER, Marine Biological Lab, Woods Hole, Ma 02543. 1989gsttbm http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/arc/terrest/biomass/index.shtml 

4 ) Acknowledgement. The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed significantly to its content. Acknowledgements should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers. For example:

Data sets were provided by the Arctic LTER. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #DEB-981022, 9211775, 8702328; #OPP-9911278, 9911681, 9732281, 9615411, 9615563, 9615942, 9615949, 9400722, 9415411, 9318529; #BSR 9019055, 8806635, 8507493.

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Dataset URLs:	METADATA: HTML, Rich Text, XML(EML compliant) DATA: Comma Delimited, Excel file with Metadata and data
Dataset ID:	akchem2005.06
Dataset Title:	Chemistry data for lakes and lakes inlets/outlets samples collected summer 2005, Arctic LTER, Toolik Research Station, Alaska.
Investigator 1:
First Name:	George
Last Name:	Kling
Address line 1:	University of Michigan
Address line 2:	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Address line 3:	830 North University
City:	Ann Arbor
State:	MI
Zip Code:	48109-1048
Country:	United States of America
Associate Investigators:	Chris Wallace, Amanda Field, Suzanne Randazzo, Jen Kostrzewski
Keywords:	inorganic nutrients, nutrients, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, DOC, dissolved organic carbon, gas, CO2, CH4, DIC, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, pH,temperature, conductivity, NH4, TDN, TDP, particulates, PP, PC, PN
Abstract:	Yearly file describing the samples collected at various sites near Toolik Research Station (68 38'N, 149 36'W). Sample site descriptors include an assigned number (sortchem), site, date, time, depth, distance, elevation, treatment, date-time, category, and water type (lake, surface, soil). Physical measures collected in the field include temperature (water, soil, well water), conductivity, pH, average thaw depth, well height, discharge, stage height, and light (lakes). Chemical analysis for the sample include alkalinity; dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC); inorganic and total dissolved nutrients (NH4, PO4, NO3, TDN, TDP); particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (PC, PN, and PP); cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Si); anions (SO4 and Cl); and oxygen. Chlorophyll a was collected at stream sites and for experimental manipulations.
Contact:	Arctic LTER Information Manager The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone (508) 289 7496 Email: arc_im@mbl.edu Online URL: http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/
DATA FILE INFORMATION:
Data File URL	http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.1616&urlTail=landwater/chemistry/data/2005_akchem_Kling.dat
Data File Name	2005_akchem_Kling.dat
Beginning Date	5/9/2005
End Date	8/26/2005
Number of Data Records	1375
Other Files to Reference
Availability Status
Quality Control Information
Maintenance Description
Log of Changes:	Entered metadata into new metadata form.
	Version 4: LTERNET Data Access server proxy changed from das.lternet.edu to metacat.lternet.edu.
	Version 5 : JIML Feb 2010 No info on version
	Version 6: G.Kling, 28 Feb 2010, updated entire file; A. Field 25 March 2009: updated Ca, Ma, Na, K, and Si values. Previously, values were entered as ppm, they are now reported as uM. Updated detection limits reported in methods section of the metadata - detection limits are now reported in uM. Updated metadata header and explanation information to reflect the changes made above; alf 11/19/2007: updated the values in the following columns: DIC_uM, pCO2_uatm, pCH4_uatm, CO2_uM, and CH4_uM.

RESEARCH LOCATION:	Site 1	Site 2
Geographic Description	Toolik Lake Research Area, North Slope, Alaska (approximately 68 degrees 38'N, 149 degrees 34'W; elevation approximately 719 m).
Location Bounding Box
West Bounding Coordinate
East Bounding Coordinate
North Bounding Coordinate
South Bounding Coordinate
OR if single point location
Latitude
Longitude
Elevation

TAXONOMIC COVERAGE:
Taxonomic Protocols
Organisms studied
Methods:	For water sampling protocol, see the Land-Water lab protocol accessible from the Land-Water mainpage on the Arctic LTER web page or at http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gwk and clicking on the protocol link at the bottom of the page. Specific methodologies are described in the protocol book listed above and a general description is provided below. General analyses: dissolved inorganic nutrients (NH4 and PO4) were analyzed by wet chemistry techniques at Toolik Field Station usually within 24 hours of sampling. Prior to 1999, the phenate method was used to analyze the ammonium content. In the years 1999-2001, a comparison study of the OPA method and the phenate method were performed. Starting in 2001, OPA was used to analyze ammonium content. Gas samples were analyzed at Toolik Field Station. Beginning in 2006, DIC samples were acidified in the field and analyzed on a gas chromatograph at Toolik Field Station. DOC, DIC (prior to 2006), TDN, TDP, particulates, and ions were brought back to the University of Michigan for analysis. DOC are run on a Shimadzu TOC-5000. Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen on a Perkin Elmer CHN 2400, most TDN and TDP are run at the University of Michigan on an Alpkem autoanalyzer, ions on a Dionex ion chromatograph, and cations on an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Starting in 1997, alkalinity samples were run on a Radiometer autotitrator either at Toolik Field Station or in Michigan.

Data Table

Variable Name	Variable Description	Units	Measurement Scale	Code Information	Number Type	DateTime Format	Missing Value Code	Missing Value Code Explanation
SortChem	A unique number assigned to each sample collected at a specific site at a specific date and time. The year that the sample was collected is followed by a dash and then a sequential number. For example, if 600 samples were collected in 2002, then the first sample collected is 2002-0001 and the last sample is 2002-0600.		nominal					Sortchem not used = unique number was never assigned to a sample.
Site	Site Name. If a soil site, the site is described in the name by general location then specific feature (watertrack,etc) then specific point (1,2,3,...). If a lake or streams site, the lake or stream name (as it is commonly known) is given. Exceptions in naming procedure are provided in the Code Information and in AK-LTER_Site_Info.xls.		nominal	TW=Tussock Watershed | WT=Watertrack | RE=Rain Event | I=I series lakes and inlets/outlets
Date	Sampling Date		datetime			dd-mmm-yy	.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Time_hr_dst	Sampling Time in Alaska Daylight Savings Time (1 hour ahead of Alaska Standard Time: if 13:00 DST than 12:00 AST)		datetime			hh:mm	.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Depth_m	Depth from surface of lake, stream, or soil	meter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Distance_km	Distance along a stream where negative values are upstream of a designated starting point and positive values are downstream of the designated starting point. For soil sites, the distance is the perpendicular distance from the river or lake shore.	kilometer	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Elevation_m	Elevation above sea level	meter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Description_Treatment	Additional information useful for describing a sample. Information would be entered in this column if the sample was part of an experiment, method test, or manipulation.		nominal				.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
DateTime_Dst	Combined date and time of sampling. This is Alaska Daylight Savings Time (this is different than Alaska Standard Time; 1 hour ahead of Alaska Standard Time: if 13:00 DST than 12:00 AST).		datetime			dd-mmm-yy dd:mm	.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...); #VALUE! = missing either date or time.
Water_type	Water type sampled (Soil, stream, lake, rain).		nominal	L = lake water | G = ground water | S = stream water | H = hyporheic water | R = rain water | DI = deionized water.			.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Temp_C	Sample water temperature.	celsius	interval		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Cond_uS	Electrical conductivity of the water sample.	microsiemenPerCentimeter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
pH	pH (opposite of the log of the hydrogen ion concentration).	dimensionless	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Alk_ueqL	Total alkalinity (carbonate and non-carbonate alkalinity).	microequivalentPerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
DIC_uM	Dissolved inorganic carbon	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
PCO2_uatm	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide	microatmosphere	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
PCH4_uatm	Partial pressure of methane gas	microatmosphere	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
CO2_uM	Dissolved carbon dioxide gas concentration.	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
CH4_uM	Dissolved methane gas concentration.	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
DOC_uM	Dissolved organic carbon	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
NH4_uM	Ammonium by the phenol method	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
PO4_uM	Phosphate (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus)	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
NO3_uM	Nitrate	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
TDN_uM	Total dissolved nitrogen	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
TDP_uM	Total dissolved phosphorus	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
PC_ugL	Particulate carbon	microgramPerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
PN_ugL	Particulate nitrogen	microgramPerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
PP_uM	Particulate phosphorus	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Ca_uM	Calcium	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Mg_uM	Magnesium	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Na_uM	Sodium	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
K_uM	Potassium	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
SO4_uM	Sulfate	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Cl_uM	Chloride	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Si_uM	Silica	micromolePerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Oxygen_mgL	Dissolved oxygen	milligramsPerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Chla_ugL	Fluorescence estimate of Chlorophyll a corrected for phaeopigment (phaeophytin). This acidification method was started in 1999, and applied to all samples in this spreadsheet (landwater) by 2000. Note that the lakes Arcitc LTER group started this method in 2004.	microgramPerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Phaeopigment_ugL	Fluorescence estimate of Phaeopigment estimated by acidification of a chlorophyll sample.	microgramPerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Chla_Raw_ugL	Fluorescence estimate of Chlorophyll a without a phaeopigment correction (no acidification). This was this historical measure use by the Arctic LTER and previous studies of Toolik Lake. Chla_Raw = (((Sample Fluorescence - Blank) * Slope) - Intercept) * (Acetone_ml / Sample Volume Filtered)	microgramPerLiter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
secchi_m	Secchi depth in meters	meter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Light_deck_uEm2s	PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) measured above water surface (in air).	microEinsteinPerMeterSquaredPerSecond	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Light_water_uEm2s	PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) measured below the water surface.	microEinsteinPerMeterSquaredPerSecond	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
K_per_m	Coefficient of light attenuation (extinction coefficient). This is estimated by regression of PAR light in water versus depth (meters). Units are in per meter (meter-1)	number	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Thaw_depth_cm	Average active layer thaw depth using 3 independent measurements (Thaw 1, Thaw 2, and Thaw 3) all taken within 50-100 cm from the sampling site. All measurements are made in inter-tussock areas with a steel probe.	centimeter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
5cm_Soil_tempC	Soil temperature at 5 cm depth from the soil surface.	celsius	interval		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
10cm_Soil_tempC	Soil temperature at 10 cm depth from the soil surface.	celsius	interval		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Well_height_cm	Height of soil water in lysimeter/well.	centimeter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Well_tempC	Temperature of soil water in lysimeter/well.	celsius	interval		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Discharge_Lsec	Discharge in liters per second.	litersPerSecond	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
Stage_cm	Stage Height in centimenters	centimeter	ratio		real		.	.=not measured, written down in field, or not analyzed (sample lost,...)
	Please contact arc_im@mbl.edu with questions, comments, or for technical assistance regarding this web site.