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Arctic LTER Database

Acceptance and utilization of LTER data requires that:

(1) The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the publication intentions.
(2) The Principal Investigator of the data set be sent a copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be adequately cited in any resultant publications.
(3) A copy of any resultant publications should be sent to:

Principal Investigator
Ecosystems Center
Marine Biological Laboratory
7 MBL St.
Woods Hole, MA 02543

Older Metadata: Attribute table not in XML (EML) file

Dataset URLs:	METADATA: HTML, Rich Text, XML(EML compliant) DATA: Comma Delimited, Excel file with Metadata and data
Dataset ID:	96bovhg1
Dataset Title:	Vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG) measurements for Oksrukuyik creek, both the reference and fertilized zones of the Kuparuk river, and the mouth of the Kuparuk river during the 1996 field season, Arctic LTER 1996.
Investigator 1:
First Name:	William
Last Name:	Bowden
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Associate Investigators:	Kenneth Edwardson
Keywords:	vertical hydraulic gradient, hyporheic, riffle, Kuparuk, Oksrukuyik
Abstract:	Vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG) measurements for Oksrukuyik creek, both the reference and fertilized zones of the Kuparuk river, and the mouth of the Kuparuk river during the 1996 field season.
Contact:	Arctic LTER Information Manager The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone (508) 289 7496 Email: arc_im@mbl.edu Online URL: http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/
DATA FILE INFORMATION:
Data File Name	96bovhg1
Beginning Date	5/1/1996
End Date	9/1/1996
Number of Data Records
Other Files to Reference
Availability Status
Quality Control Information
Maintenance Description
Log of Changes:	Log of changes: For Archival Use: DATA RECEIVED: June 1997 DATA FILE ENTERED BY: Karie Slavik DATA FILE VALIDATION: NAME: Karie Slavik DATA: 03Sept97



RESEARCH LOCATION:
Geographic Description	Kuparuk river reference zone (+75m), Kuparuk river fertilized zone(+2400m), Mouth of the Kuparuk river (+1800m) (Prudhoe bay), Oksrukuyik creek(+550m).
Location Bounding Box
West Bounding Coordinate
East Bounding Coordinate
North Bounding Coordinate
South Bounding Coordinate
OR if single point location
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Longitude



TAXONOMIC COVERAGE:
Organisms studied

Methods:	Vertical hydraulic gradient measurements were made through the hyporheic samplers. Hyporheic samplers consisted of a 1/8 inch O.D. stainless steel (S.S.) tube housed in a 3/4 inch CPVC pipe. At the lower end of the CPVC a rubber stopper was inserted with the S.S tube protruding ten centimeters. A coupler was then used to attach a length of well screen to protect the S.S. tube. Samplers were inserted into the stream bed by forcing a pry bar into the stream bed to a depth of the maximum depth allowed, typically 30-60 centimeters. The sampler was then worked down into the hole and the pry bar removed, allowing the hole to cave in onto the sampler. The length of the sampler, still above the substrate, was measured and subtracted from the total length to find the depth of the sampler in the substrate (Z). Samplers were allowed to settle before measurements for the VHG were made. To make an accurate measurement of the difference in water depth inside and outside of the sampler a hydraulic potentiomanometer was built. To eliminate a venturi effect on the instream tube the manometer was mounted on a PVC tube which acted as both a stilling well and a handy manometer stand. The scale on the potentiomanometer had zero centimeters on the bottom. Water height inside of the tube connected to the stream channel was recorded as L1, height of water from the sampler was recorded as L2. The VHG was calculated as (L2-L1)/Z. Negative values represent downwelling zones while positive values represent upwelling zones. Notes: The variable, D/D for Distance on river is in reference to the top of the riffle and established river markings. Use the X and Y coordinates (river right to left and distance downstream) for more detailed positions. (11) VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS: Precision Coded? Missing Variable Variable Description Units (Y/N) Values Site River y n D/D Distance on river meters n n Date Date dd-mmm-yy n n Series Location on river y n ID piezometer ID y n X X-coordinate meters n n Y Y-coordinate meters n n Depth piezometer depth centimeters n n VHG Vertical hydraulic gradient cm/cm n n Comments Comments N Y Calculations: VHG = (L2-L1)/Z L1 = Height of channel water inside the potentiomanometer (centimeters). L2 = Height of sampler water inside the potentiomanometer (centimeters). Z = Depth of peizometer into the substrate (centimeters) Reference Citations: Lee, D.R. and Cherry, J.A. 1978. A field exercise on groundwater flow using seepage meters and mini-piezometers. Journal of Geological Education, 27:6-10. Notes 1988. The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water. Limnology and Oceanography, 33(5):1209-1214. (Winter, T.C, LaBaugh, J.W., and Rosenberry, D.O.) Sampling Description. None

Data Table

Site		River							y	n  
D/D		Distance on river		meters		n	n   
Date		Date 				dd-mmm-yy		n	n  
Series	Location on river					y	n  
ID		piezometer ID						y	n  
X		X-coordinate			meters		n	n  
Y		Y-coordinate			meters		n	n  
Depth	piezometer depth		centimeters	n	n  
	VHG		Vertical hydraulic gradient	cm/cm		n	n  
Comments	Comments							N	Y