Arctic LTER

Weather at Toolik

Arctic LTER Database

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3 ) Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly cite the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier. For example:

Shaver, G. 1989. Above ground biomass in acidic tussock tundra experimental site, 1989, Arctic LTER, Toolik, Alaska. Arctic LTER, Marine Biological Lab, Woods Hole, Ma 02543. 1989gsttbm http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/arc/terrest/biomass/index.shtml

4 ) Acknowledgement. The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed significantly to its content. Acknowledgements should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers. For example:

Data sets were provided by the Arctic LTER. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #DEB-981022, 9211775, 8702328; #OPP-9911278, 9911681, 9732281, 9615411, 9615563, 9615942, 9615949, 9400722, 9415411, 9318529; #BSR 9019055, 8806635, 8507493.

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Dataset URLs:	METADATA: HTML, Rich Text, XML(EML compliant) DATA: Comma Delimited, Excel file with Metadata and data
Dataset ID:	95gsbnana.04
Dataset Title:	Data on weights and lengths from retrospective growth analysis of different stem age classes of Betula nana ramets from the Arctic LTER Nutrient and Warming manipulations in mosit acidic tussock tundra at 1995, Toolik Lake, AK.
Investigator 1:
First Name:	Gus
Last Name:	Shaver
Organization:	Marine Biological Lab
Address line 2:	7 MBL St.
Address line 3:
City:	Woods Hole
State:	Marine Biological Lab
Zip Code:	02543
Country:	USA
Investigator 2:
First Name:	Syndonia
Last Name:	Bret-Harte
Organization:	Institute of Arctic Biology
Address line 2:	Room 311, Irving 1 Building
City:	Faribanks
State:	AK
Zip Code:	99775
Country:	USA
Investigator 3:
First Name:	Jill
Last Name:	Johnstone
Organization:
Address line 2:
Address line 3:
City:
State:
Zip Code:
Country:
Investigator 4:
First Name:	Jennifer
Last Name:	Zoerner
Investigator 5:
First Name:	Andreas
Last Name:	Chavez
Investigator 6:
First Name:	Joanna
Last Name:	Wagner
Investigator 7:
First Name:	Tad
Last Name:	Gunkelman
Associate Investigators:
Keywords:	tussock tundra, Betula nana, growth, secondary stem growth, populations, disturbance
Abstract:	This data file contains the data on weights and lengths from retrospective growth analysis of different stem age classes of Betula nana ramets from the Arctic LTER Nutrient and Warming manipulations in moist acidic tussock tundra at Toolik Lake.
For questions about the Metadata and data contact the Investigators. For information about this web site contact:	Arctic LTER Information Manager The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone (508) 289 7496 Email: arc_im@mbl.edu Online URL: http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/
DATA FILE INFORMATION:
Data File URL	http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.1414&urlTail=terrest/phengwth/data/95gsbnana.csv
Data File Name	95gsbnana
Beginning Date	6/1/1995
End Date	9/1/1995
Number of Data Records	752
Other Files to Reference
Availability Status
Quality Control Information
Maintenance Description
Log of Changes:	DATA FILE ENTERED BY: Syndonia Bret-Harte
	Version 2 Updated the atttributes and added DAS control
	Version 3: Upadte LTERNET Data Access server proxy link for Excel and comma delimited data files. Changed from knb to das in url.
	Version 4: Updated metadata form to newer version (without site sheet). CH 24 Jan 2013 Updated to newer metadata with site sheet. CH March 2013.

RESEARCH LOCATION:

Location Name

LTER Moist Acidic Tussock Tundra

Select Site or enter New One

Geographic Description

Moist Acidic Tussock Tundra LTER Experimental plots

Enter Description

Location Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate

East Bounding Coordinate

North Bounding Coordinate

South Bounding Coordinate

OR if single point location

Latitude

68.624052

In Decimal Degrees

Longitude

-149.610586

In Decimal Degrees

Elevation

750

In Meters

Link to Google Map

View on Google Map


TAXONOMIC COVERAGE:
Organisms studied	Betula nana

Methods:	The experiment is the LTER nutrient by warming factorial treatments, which has 4 randomized blocks (Shaver et al.?). We randomly collected 3 individual ramets of Betula nana from each treatment within each block. The most recent 15 years of growth were analyzed for each ramet. Stems were cut and cross-sections made by hand with a razor blade. Ages were determined by staining the sections with 1% phloroglucinol in 20% HCl and counting the growth rings using a compound light microscope at 100x magnification. Stems were separated into different age classes trying to get at least one piece with same age on both ends for each age class. Lengths and weights of pooled segments for a given age class were determined after drying samples at 70 degrees C for 48 hours. Because no external bud scars were usually visible, the boundary between age classes of stems usually could not be known with certainty. The lengths and weights of stem pieces that overlapped one year boundary were assigned half to one age and half to the next. Lengths and weights of pieces that overlapped more than one age class were assigned to the different age classes by dividing by one less than the number of years covered, and assigning half that amount to the two end pieces and the whole amount to intervening years, to avoid a bias toward the end pieces. When the end of the piece was the bottom of a branch, and therefore that boundary was known with certainty, the piece was divided by x.5, where x is one less than the number of years that the piece overlapped. Half that amount was assigned to the upper part of the segment, where the boundary was not known with certainty, while the whole amount was assigned to the other year classes covered by that piece, including the oldest piece. These procedures avoided a bias in assigning weight and length disproportionately to the years where a cut was made. Betula nana makes two types of stem segments, short shoots and long shoots. Long shoots could be aged by making stem cross-sections, but short shoots could not because they have so little secondary growth. However, the maximum age of short shoots is one year less than the long shoot to which they are attached. Short shoot weight and length was assigned by dividing the total weight or length by the maximum age of those shoots and assigning that to each year class up to that age. Short shoots occasionally convert to long shoots, in which case they put on secondary growth and behave like a long shoot from then on (but obviously the stem segments covering the period of short shoot growth do not increase in length). These conversions from short to long shoots were classified separately in the data table. Notes: Betula nana rep 1 from block 3 was excluded because it was diseased. No other data is missing. Data in columns with stippled headings were measured data, other columns are calculated from that data. Data from pieces that were overlapping age classes but were not conversions are entered in measured data columns as additions onto the original numbers (e.g. the formula shows =x+y+z). See paper: Bret-Harte, M.S., G.R. Shaver, and F.S. Chapin III. 2002. Primary and secondary stem growth in arctic shrubs: implications for community response to environmental change. Ecology 90: 251-267.

Data Table

Variable Name	Variable Description	Data Type	Units	DateTime Format	Code Information	Missing Value Code
Treatmt	Treatment (control, fertilized, greenhouse, greenhouse*fertilized)	text
Treatmt code	Treatment coded numerically (1,2,3,4)	text
Block	Block number (1-4)	text
Rep	Replicate number (1-3)	text
Year	Year when that stem age class was created	datetime		yyyy
Age	Stem age classes, whose age is counted backward from the present in this study (1995 = year 0, 1994 = year 1, etc)	number	number
total ls branches	# of long shoot branches in that age class	number	number
total struct branches	# of long shoot branches + number of short shoot branches that subsequently converted into long shoots (conversions) in that age class	number	number
Length, mm	Length, in mm, of all long shoots in that age class	number	millimeter
Wt, mg	Weight, in mg, of all long shoots in that age class	number	milligram
Age class	Age classes that overlap one year boundary	text
LS boundary lnth (mm)	Length in mm of all long shoot stem segments that overlap the given age classes	number	millimeter
LS boundary lnth/2	Half of the variable just mentioned	number	millimeter
total length LS (mm)	Length + LS boundary length/2 for each age class (mm)	number	millimeter
LS boundary wt (mg)	Weight in mm of all long shoot stem segments that overlap the given age classes (mg)	number	milligram
LS boundary wt/2	Half of the variable just mentioned	number	milligram
total wt LS (mg)	Weight + LS boundary weight/2 for each age class (mg)	number	milligram
ls mm/segment	total length of an age class divided by the number of long shoots in that age class	number	millimeter
ls mg/segment	total weight of an age class divided by the number of long shoots in that age class	number	milligram
ls mg/mm	total weight of an age class divided by the total length of that age class	number	dimensionless
Age	Age classes	number	number
conversion #	Number of branches that were converted short shoots in that age class	number	number
conversion lnth (mm)	Length of conversions in that age class (mm) = The sum of the total length of a conversion divided by the number of years it was a short shoot, for all conversions that were short shoots during that year.	number	millimeter
conversion wt (mg)	Weight of conversions in that age class (mg) = The sum of the total weight of a conversion divided by the number of years it was a short shoot, for all conversions that were short shoots in that year	number	milligram
total # conversion events	Total number of conversion events, from the maps. (Not all conversions were saved, so this number will not necessarily reflect the numbers in the "conversion #" column, which only refers to those conversions that were weighed and measured.	number	number
# conversions post treatment (<=yr6)	total number of conversion events (from the maps) that occurred after the LTER treatment began.	number	number
Total lnth struct branches	total length of structural branches = sum of total length LS and conversion length for each age class	number	millimeter
Total wt struct branches	total weight of structural branches = sum of total weight LS and conversion weight for each age class	number	milligram
str. mm/segment	length per segment of structural branches, = total lnth struct divided by total number of structural branches	number	millimeter
str. mg/segment	weight per segment of structural branches = total wt struct divided by total number of structural branches	number	milligram
str. mg/mm	total weight of structural branches divided by total length of structural branches	text
Max age SS	maximum age of short shoots, same as Age above	number	number
#SS	number of short shoots having that maximum age	number	number
lnth SS (mm)	total length of short shoots in that maximum age class (mm)	number	millimeter
wt SS (mg)	total weight of short shoots in that maximum age class (mg)	number	milligram
#SS 1 yr span	number of short shoots which covered a range of years not going to the present, but did not convert to long shoots (for example, the portion of a short shoot below a branch point into several more short shoots	number	number
lnth SS 1yr span	length of the short shoots covering a range of years not going to the present (see note for # SS 1-year span above)	number	millimeter
wt SS 1 yr span	weight of short shoots covering a range of years not going to the present (see note for # SS 1-year span, above)	number	milligram
ss lnth/#	length of short shoots in a maximum age class divided by the number in that class	number	millimeter
ss lnth/yr	average length of short shoots per year = length of short shoots in a maximum age class divided by the age of that class	number	millimeter
ss lnth/#/yr	length of short shoots in a maximum age class divided by the number of shoots in that class and the age of the class	number	millimeter
total surviving ss lnth/yr	The sum of the average short shoot length per year from that age to the oldest living short shoots, plus any short shoot lengths from the "1-year span" short shoots. This is the total amount of short shoot length put on in a given year. As an example, the short shoot length put on in year 3 will be the average length per year of the maximum age 3 short shoots, and also the contributions in year 3 from the maximum age 4, 5, 6,... etc. short shoots, since they would also be living and growing in year 3, but not the 1 or 2 year old short shoots, since they hadn't been formed yet.	number	millimeter
ss wt/#	weight of short shoots in a maximum age class divided by the number in that class	number	milligram
ss wt/yr	average weight of short shoots per year = weight of short shoots in a maximum age class divided by the age of that class	number	milligram
ss wt/#/yr	weigh of short shoots in a maximum age class divided by the number of shoots in that class and the age of the class	number	milligram
total surviving ss wt/yr	The sum of the average short shoot weight per year from that age to the oldest living short shoots, plus any short shoot weights from the "1-year span" short shoots. This is the total amount of short shoot weight put on in a given year. As an example, the short shoot weight put on in year 3 will be the average weight per year of the maximum age 3 short shoots, and also the contributions in year 3 from the maximum age 4, 5, 6,... etc. short shoots, since they would also be living and growing in year 3, but not the 1 or 2 year old short shoots, since they hadn't been formed yet.	number	milligram
totl#surviving SS/yr	The number of currently surviving short shoots that were growing in a given year. Calculated analogously to the total surviving SS weight and number per year, as the sum of all short shoots of a given age up to the oldest surviving short shoots, as all of those would be growing during that year.	number	number
Conversion lnth + SS lnth (mm)	Length of conversions plus total surviving short shoot length in that year	number	millimeter
Conversion wt + SS wt (mg)	Weight of conversions plus total surviving short shoot weight in that year	text
ages with ss	the values of the age classes that had living short shoots, used to calculate the next variable...	number	number
max age ss (yr)	the age of the oldest living short shoot for that ramet	number	number
Total CY wt (mg)	weight of the year 0 (current year's) leaves and stems (mg)	number	milligram
new SS (age 0)	the number of short shoots initiated in the current year	number	number
Total living SS	the total number of living short shoots, of all ages	number	number
year 0 ls	the number of long shoots initiated in the current year	number	number
ls/tvs	the number of year 0 long shoots divided by the sum of year 0 long shoots and total living SS	number	dimensionless
ls/new tvs	the number of year 0 long shoots divided by the sum of year 0 long shoots and year 0 short shoots	number	dimensionless
total lgp (veg+inf)	The total number of living growing points = sum of year 0 long shoots, total living short shoots, and inflorescences that were not included in one of the preceding categories. (Current year's inflorescences were not included in current year's short or long shoots, but next year's inflorescence buds were included in current year's long or short shoots)	number	number
Total weight(ss + ls)	The total weight of structural branches plus total surviving ss weight per year	number	milligram
Total length (ss + ls)	The total length of structural branches plus total surviving ss lnth per year	number	millimeter
Total number (ls +ss)	The total number of short and long shoot branches, = total # structural branches + total #surviving ss per year	number	number
cum. # ls	cumulative number of long shoots segments = sum of the number of branches in that age class and the number in all younger age classes.	number	number
cum. # struct. branches	analogous sums for structural branches and total branches (total # (ls + ss))	number	number
cum. # total branches	analogous sums for structural branches and total branches (total # (ls + ss))	number	number
cum lnth ls	analogous sums for length values for the different age classes- see discussion for cumulative numbers, above.	number	millimeter
cum lnth struct branches	analogous sums for length values for the different age classes- see discussion for cumulative numbers, above.	number	millimeter
cum lnth total branches	analogous sums for length values for the different age classes- see discussion for cumulative numbers, above.	number	millimeter
cum wt ls (mg)	analogous sums for weight values for the different age classes- see discussion for cumulative numbers, above.	number	milligram
cum wt struct. branches	analogous sums for weight values for the different age classes- see discussion for cumulative numbers, above.	number	milligram
cum wt total	analogous sums for weight values for the different age classes- see discussion for cumulative numbers, above.	number	milligram
cum ss wt/cum total wt	the fraction of the total cumulative weight that is short shoots, = 1 - (cum wt struct/cum wt total)	number	milligram
total# dead branches	The total number of attached dead branches in the ramet (only those that have at least some long shoot component, not just dead short shoots) from the maps	number	number
total# dead branches/total stem biomass	The number of dead branches divided by the cumulative total weight of stems (year 15 of cum wt total)	number	number
total # dead gp	The total number of dead growing points, = sum of long shoots and short shoots on those attached dead branches (does not include dead short shoots attached to living stems)	number	number
total #dead gp/total wt	Total number of dead growing points divided by the cumulative total weight in year 15	number	number
total dead struct	The total number of dead long shoots in the attached dead branches. Since the age structure of the dead branches was not determined, this is the number of long shoot branch points in the attached dead branches	number	number
total dead struct/total wt	As above, the dead structural branches divided by year 15 of cum wt total	number	dimensionless
total live struct br.	The number of branch points of long shoots in the living wood. Not the same as the number of segments in each age class, because sometimes long shoots convert back to being short shoots, in which case they do not show up in subsequent (younger) age classes.	number	number
total dead struct/(total live + dead struct)	the number of attached dead long shoot branch points divided by the total live and dead branch points, a measure of mortality	number	number
Inflorescences total #	The number of inflorescences, either current year or next year's buds, depending on the replicate number.	number	number
Inforescences total wt	The weight of inflorescences, either current year or next year's buds, depending on the replicate number.	number	milligram
Inforescences wt/inf.	The weight divided by number of inflorescences, either current year or next year's buds, depending on the replicate number.	number	milligram
Dead: Age attached living	the age of the living branch to which the dead was attached	number	number
Dead: Age dead	the age at the base of the dead branch, if known	text	number
Dead: Lateral branch? (-1)	-1 if the dead branch was a lateral, 0 if it was not	text	number
Dead: total #gp	total number of growing points (short and long shoots) on that dead branch	text	number
Dead: total # struct	the total number of long shoot branch points in that attached dead branch	text	number
Dead: Years ago died:	How long ago that attached branch system died, if known	text	number
Dead: Total wt dead	total weight of all attached dead branches	text	milligram
Comments:	Comments if needed for each row of data	text

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