Arctic LTER Database

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Shaver, G. 1989. Above ground biomass in acidic tussock tundra experimental site, 1989, Arctic LTER, Toolik, Alaska. Arctic LTER, Marine Biological Lab, Woods Hole, Ma 02543. 1989gsttbm http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/arc/terrest/biomass/index.shtml 

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Data sets were provided by the Arctic LTER. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants #DEB-981022, 9211775, 8702328; #OPP-9911278, 9911681, 9732281, 9615411, 9615563, 9615942, 9615949, 9400722, 9415411, 9318529; #BSR 9019055, 8806635, 8507493.

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Dataset URLs:	METADATA: HTML, Rich Text, XML(EML compliant) DATA: Comma Delimited, Excel file with Metadata and data
Dataset ID:	2008-2011_Kling_Thermokarst_Chemistry.01
Dataset Title:	Chemistry from thermokarst impacted soils, lakes, and streams near Toolik Lake Alaska, 2008-2011.
Investigator 1:
First Name:	George
Last Name:	Kling
Organization:	University of Michigan
Address line 2:	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Address line 3:	830 North University
City:	Ann Arbor
State:	MI
Zip Code:	48109-1048
Country:	United States of America
Investigator 2:
First Name:	Sara
Last Name:	Fortin
Organization:	University of Michigan
Address line 2:	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Address line 3:	830 North University
City:	Ann Arbor
State:	MI
Zip Code:	48109-1048
Country:	United States of America
Investigator 3:
First Name:	Jason
Last Name:	Dobkowski
Organization:	University of Michigan
Address line 2:	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Address line 3:	830 North University
City:	Ann Arbor
State:	MI
Zip Code:	48109-1048
Country:	United States of America
Investigator 4:
First Name:	Cody
Last Name:	Johnson
Organization:	CH2MHILL POLAR SERVICES
Address line 2:
Address line 3:
City:
State:
Zip Code:
Country:
Associate Investigators:
Keywords:	inorganic nutrients, nutrients, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, DOC, dissolved organic carbon, gas, CO2, CH4, DIC, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, pH,temperature, conductivity, NH4, TDN, TDP, particulates, PP, PC, PN
Abstract:	This file contains data collected from thermokarst impacted soils, lakes, and streams near Toolik Lake Alaska. Data are also presented for experimental manipulations of water (e.g., time course experiments). Sample descriptors include a unique sortchem #, site, date, time, depth, distance, elevation, treatment, date-time, category, and water type (e.g., lake, surface, soil). Physical/chemical measures collected in the field include temperature, conductivity, and pH. Chemical analyses performed later include alkalinity; dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC); inorganic and total dissolved nutrients (NH4, PO4, NO3, TDN, TDP); particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (PC, PN, and PP); cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Si); anions (SO4 and Cl); chlorophyll a, and oxygen. Note that archived data from before the NSF ARCSS-Thermokarst project started in 2009, and funded by NSF from 1988-2008 (e.g., by the NSF ARC LTER), are included in this dataset.
For questions about the Metadata and data contact the Investigators. For information about this web site contact:	Arctic LTER Information Manager The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Lab 7 MBL St Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone (508) 289 7496 Email: arc_im@mbl.edu Online URL: http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/
DATA FILE INFORMATION:
Data File URL	http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-arc.10134&urlTail=ARC/thermokarst/data/2008-2011_Kling_Thermokarst_Chemistry.csv
Data File Name	2008-2011_Kling_Thermokarst_Chemistry
Beginning Date	6/29/1988
End Date	8/18/2011
Number of Data Records	567
Other Files to Reference
Availability Status	Type 1
Quality Control Information	QA/QC protocols follow those found in the Kling Lab Protocol book ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gwk )
Maintenance Description
Log of Changes:	Version1 (ver1) File created 22 October 2012

RESEARCH LOCATION:
Location Name	NE 14	NE 14 Outlet	Milake into NE 14	Yurlake into NE 14	NE 14 Lake Slump Inlet	NE 14 Lake Shore	Valley of Thermokarst Reference	Valley of Thermokarst Impacted	Valley of Thermokarst Upper	Horn Lake	Horn Lake Headwall	Horn Lake watertrack	Toolik River	Toolik River Thermokarst	Toolik River Thermokarst Upstream	Huryn Slump	Huryn Stream	Gunsight Mtn TK	Gunsight Mtn Lake	Gunsight Mtn TK Stream	I Minus TK A	I Minus TK B	I Minus TK C	I Minus TK D	I Minus TK E	I Minus TK F	I Minus TK G	I Minus TK H	I Minus TK I	Lake 395	Lake 395 Inlet	Lake 395 Thermokarst	Galbraith Ice Wedge
Geographic Description	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, northwest of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake	North Slope of Alaska, southeast of Toolik Lake
Location Bounding Box
West Bounding Coordinate
East Bounding Coordinate
North Bounding Coordinate
South Bounding Coordinate
OR if single point location
Latitude	68.6833333333333	68.674122	68.673757	68.67415	68.677723	68.67777	68.9351005699	68.9613671424	68.9580752246	68.958333333	68.9606914937	68.9605131092	68.6957195839	68.6930183076	68.69138478	68.4702222222	68.4720485745	68.8792652513	68.878	68.8785928953	68.5471957389	68.5476118267	68.54522103	68.544362749	68.5443677101	68.5424293793	68.5434488822	68.5437705412	68.5490420916	68.5259217403	68.5266754108	68.5257800733	68.492899
Longitude	-149.616666666667	-149.62885	-149.618268	-149.618103	-149.624028	-149.624117	-150.683916886	-150.605045671	-150.671940068	-150.302016667	-150.314750352	-150.314822042	-149.202455436	-149.205322847	-149.208236283	-149.34275	-149.340495849	-150.557042647	-150.559	-150.557620917	-149.517129949	-149.521847189	-149.522130842	-149.52213592	-149.520604472	-149.522692841	-149.52264846	-149.522458297	-149.52465851	-149.542873637	-149.542297261	-149.544523307	-149.497746
Elevation	701	701	701	701	701	701	305	322	304	382	394	392	775	775	783	994	1010	339	332	334	854	842	872	879	880	890	885	883	838	864	865	873	809
Link to Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map	View on Google Map

TAXONOMIC COVERAGE:
Organisms studied
Methods:	In general, water samples are collected in polyethylene bottles and filtered in the field then kept cold and dark until analyses. For specific sampling protocols see the LTER Land-Water protocol manual accessible from the Land-Water mainpage on the Arctic LTER web page or at http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gwk and clicking on the protocol link at the bottom of the page. Specific methodologies are described in the protocol book listed above, and a general description is provided below. Information on the precision and limit of detection of analyses is found in the LTER Landwater protocol manual. Field data for surface sites (soil waters, streams, lakes not sampled from boats) include temperature, conductivity, and pH measured with hand-held Orion or WTW meters. On lakes sampled from a boat we used a Hydrolab Surveyor 4 to measure temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen. Electrical conductivity of water samples is reported as Specific conductivity which has been corrected to a temperature of 25degC using a slope of 2% increase per degree C increase. Sediment traps in lake NE-14: We deployed two clusters of three sediment traps at a depth of approximately 5 m. Each sediment trap cluster consisted of three 9 cm diameter tubes suspended vertically in the water column approximately 1 m from the bottom of the lake. A single float rope extending from the center of each sediment trap cluster to the surface of the lake marked the location of the trap. Sediment trap clusters were allowed to collect material falling from the water column for durations of 2 to 3 weeks based on how frequently the individual lakes could be accessed with helicopter support. Traps were sampled by carefully raising the trap cluster to the surface and pouring the contents of each sediment trap into a separate 4 L cubitainer. Once each trap was sampled the entire cluster was immediately redeployed at roughly the same location in approximately 5 m of water. Once collected, we returned the water to Toolik Field Station and filtered aliquots through precombusted (500 degrees Celsius for 2 hours),~ 0.7 micrometer pore size, glass fiber filters (Whatman GF/F) for the analysis of percent organic matter, concentrations of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, concentrations chlorophyll a and pheophytin, and stable isotopes carbon-13 and nitrogen-15. For analytical methods see ‘Protocols of the Arctic Lakes LTER' http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/ARC/lakes/protocols.html on the Arctic LTER webpage. We calculated bulk sedimentation rate as well as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus flux rate (mg per m2 per day) by first measuring the mass of bulk particulate matter and macronutrients carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in each trap (mg), and then dividing by the area of the trap (m2) and the duration that the trap was deployed (d). General analyses: Dissolved inorganic nutrients (NH4 and PO4) were analyzed by wet chemistry techniques at Toolik Field Station usually within 24 hours of sampling. Prior to 1999, the phenate method was used to analyze the ammonium content. In the years 1999-2001, a comparison study of the OPA method and the phenate method was performed and starting in 2001 the OPA method was used to analyze ammonium content. Gas samples were analyzed at Toolik Field Station on a Shimadzu GC14 gas chromatograph with TCD and FID detectors. DIC samples were acidified in the field and analyzed on a Shimadzu GC14 gas chromatograph at Toolik Field Station. DOC, TDN, TDP, particulate C, N, P, anions and cations were brought back to the University of Michigan for analysis. DOC and TDN are analyzed on a Shimadzu TOC-Vcph with TN Module. Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen on a Perkin Elmer 2400 CHN analyzer, TDP and Particulate P were digested and run at the University of Michigan on an Alpkem autoanalyzer, NO3 is analyzed by cadmium reduction on an Alpkem autoanalyzer, Cl and SO4 on a Dionex ion chromatograph, and cations on an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Alkalinity samples were run on a Radiometer autotitrator either at Toolik Field Station or in Michigan. Chla was analyzed in the field using an acetone extraction and analysis on a Turner AU10 Fluorometer. For all analyses, sample values that were less than zero were assigned a value of zero. A missing value is assigned a "period", " . "

Data Table

Variable Name	Variable Description	Data Type	Units	DateTime Format	Code Information	Missing Value Code
SortChem	A unique number assigned to each sample collected at a specific site at a specific date and time. The 4-number year (e.g., 2012) that the sample was collected is followed by a dash and then a sequential number. For example, if 600 samples were collected in 2002, then the first sample collected is 2002-0001 and the last sample is 2002-0600.	text				.
Site	Site Name. If a soil site, the site is described in the name by general location then specific feature (watertrack,etc) then specific point (1,2,3,...). If a lake or streams site, the lake or stream name (as it is commonly known) is given. Exceptions in naming procedure are provided in the Code Information and in AK-LTER_Site_Info.xls.	text				.
Date	Sampling Date	datetime		dd-mmm-yy		.
Time_hr_dst	Sampling Time in Alaska Daylight Savings Time using 24 hour convention. Daylight Savings time is 1 hour ahead of Alaska Standard Time: e.g., if time is 13:00 DST then it is 12:00 AST.	datetime		hh:mm		.
Depth_m	Depth from surface of lake, stream, or soil	number	meter			.
Distance_km	Distance along a stream where negative values are upstream of a designated starting point and positive values are downstream of the designated starting point. For soil sites, the distance is the perpendicular distance away from a river bank or lake shore	number	kilometer			.
Elevation_m	Elevation above sea level	number	meter			.
Water_type	Water type sampled:	text			LA = Lake| ST = Stream| GW = Groundwater| HY = Hyporheic| PR = Precipitation - Rain| PS = Precipitation – Snow| DI = Deionized water – blank| CO = Core (lake or soil)| ES = Estuary| MA = Marine| LE = Leachate from any material (leaves or soil or mud)| IS = Isolate - an extract of particular DOM compounds (using resins)	.
Description_Treatment	Additional information useful for describing a sample. Information would be entered in this column if the sample was part of an experiment, method test, or manipulation.	text				.
Temp_C	Sample temperature.	number	celsius			.
Cond_uS	Specific electrical conductivity of the water sample	number	microsiemenPerCentimeter			.
pH	pH (opposite of the log of the molar hydrogen ion concentration).	number	dimensionless			.
Alk_ueqL	Total alkalinity (carbonate and non-carbonate alkalinity).	number	microequivalentPerLiter			.
DIC_uM	Dissolved inorganic carbon	number	micromolePerLiter			.
PCO2_uatm	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide	number	microatmosphere			.
PCH4_uatm	Partial pressure of methane gas	number	microatmosphere			.
CO2_uM	Dissolved carbon dioxide gas concentration	number	micromolePerLiter			.
CH4_uM	Dissolved methane gas concentration	number	micromolePerLiter			.
DOC_uM	Dissolved organic carbon	number	micromolePerLiter			.
NH4_phen_uM	Ammonium by the phenol method	number	micromolePerLiter			.
NH4_OPA_uM	Ammonium by the OPA method	number	micromolePerLiter			.
PO4_uM	Phosphate (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus)	number	micromolePerLiter			.
NO3_uM	Nitrate (plus Nitrite)	number	micromolePerLiter			.
TDN_uM	Total dissolved nitrogen	number	micromolePerLiter			.
TDP_uM	Total dissolved phosphorus	number	micromolePerLiter			.
PC_ugL	Particulate carbon	number	micromolePerLiter			.
PN_ugL	Particulate nitrogen	number	micromolePerLiter			.
PP_uM	Particulate phosphorus	number	micromolePerLiter			.
Ca_uM	Calcium	number	micromolePerLiter			.
Mg_uM	Magnesium	number	micromolePerLiter			.
Na_uM	Sodium	number	micromolePerLiter			.
K_uM	Potassium	number	micromolePerLiter			.
Si_uM	Silica	number	micromolePerLiter			.
SO4_uM	Sulfate	number	micromolePerLiter			.
Cl_uM	Chloride	number	micromolePerLiter			.
Oxygen_mgL	Dissolved oxygen	number	milligramPerLiter			.
Chla_ugL	Fluorescence estimate of Chlorophyll a corrected for phaeopigment (phaeophytin). This acidification method was started in 1999, and applied to all samples analyzed by the LTER Landwater group by 2000. Note that the lakes Arcitc LTER group started this method in 2004.	number	microgramPerLiter			.
Phaeopigment_ugL	Fluorescence estimate of Phaeopigment estimated by acidification of a chlorophyll sample.	number	microgramPerLiter			.
Chla_Raw_ugL	Fluorescence estimate of Chlorophyll a without a phaeopigment correction (no acidification). This was the historical measure used by the Arctic LTER at Toolik Lake. Chla_Raw = (((Sample Fluorescence - Blank) * Slope) - Intercept) * (Acetone_ml / Sample Volume Filtered)	number	microgramPerLiter			.
secchi_m	Secchi depth in meters	number	meter			.
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