TEM Version 1.0

(Figure 1 in Raich et al. 1991. Ecological Applications 1: 399-429)

State Variables:

• Vegetation Carbon (C_V)
• Vegetation Nitrogen (N_V)
• Soil Organic Carbon (C_S)
• Soil Organic Nitrogen (N_AV)

Carbon Fluxes:

• Gross Primary Production (GPP)

  GPP = CMAX f(PAR) f(KLEAF) f(CO₂, AET/PET) f(TAIR) f(NA)

• Autotrophic Respiration (R_A)

  R_A = R_M + R_G

• Litterfall Carbon (L_C)

  L_C = C_V f(KFALL)

• Heterotrophic Respiration (R_H)

  R_H = K_D (C_S) f(TAIR) f(PCTP)

Nitrogen Fluxes:

• Nitrogen Inputs to the Ecosystem (NINPUT)

• Nitrogen Uptake by Vegetation (NUPTAKE)

• Litterfall Nitrogen (L_N)

• Net Nitrogen Mineralization (NETNMIN)

• Nitrogen loss from the Ecosystem (NLOST)